Are you a good fit for solar batteries?

It's pretty easy to imagine what an ideal home for solar looks like–with millions of residential solar panel systems already installed in the US, you likely can picture a home with solar panels in your mind. However, it can be much harder to imagine what an ideal fit for storage looks like; most batteries are installed in garages or on the side of buildings, making it hard to visualize which homes are a good fit for storage. 

With that in mind, here are four questions to help you determine whether energy storage is a good fit for you and your home.

Most homeowners primarily install energy storage for emergency backup power in the event of an outage. While the electricity grid is resilient overall, there are a few parts of the country where extended outages happen with some frequency. On the West Coast, many Californians have experienced blackouts over the last few years, either directly due to wildfires or to reduce the likelihood of fires through public safety power shutoff (PSPS) events. In the Southeast, hurricane season regularly brings outages for millions of homeowners from Florida through the Carolinas. In the Northeast, outages are frequently a result of ice storms and the occasional north-turning hurricanes. And sometimes, it snows in Texas! 

If you experience regular outages, pairing solar and storage is an ideal way to ensure you'll have backup power even when the rest of the grid is down. So long as the sun is shining, you can use your battery to power parts of your home indefinitely, keeping your lights on even when the rest of your block is in the dark. 

In some parts of the country (looking at you, California), solar customers and residential electricity users are placed on time-of-use (TOU) rates. TOU electricity rates are a type of time-varying rate, where the price you pay for electricity changes by season, month, day of the week, or even by the hour of the day. 

Most TOU rates now increase the price of electricity during the early evening (i.e., from 4 to 6 p.m. or from 5 to 8 p.m.) when your solar panels are no longer producing electricity at their peak levels. This means that even if you're offsetting more electricity than you use with solar, you could still have high monthly electricity bills even after installing solar; if you're putting solar power onto the grid when the price of electricity is low (during the day) and pulling from the grid when the price of electricity has increased (in the evening after the sun has gone down), then there's a mismatch between the rate at which you're compensated for solar electricity and the price you're paying for electricity from the grid.

A battery can help improve the economics of your solar panel system by allowing you to charge your battery during the day when your panels are producing more electricity than you need and the price is low. Then, when the price of electricity increases and your solar production decreases in the evening, you can pull directly from your battery instead of from the grid to avoid the higher electricity rate. 

Similarly to how storage can help you if you're on a TOU rate, energy storage can help you maximize the benefits of your solar installation if your utility or state doesn't allow net metering at all or if you don't have 1-to-1 net metering in your state. 

Let's back up for a second. Net metering is a foundational policy at the core of all of the solar industry's growth: It allows you to send any excess solar production to the grid in exchange for a credit to be used later when you need electricity at a time when your solar panels aren't producing enough, whether at night time or on a cloudy day. In some areas, though, utilities only offer partial credit for every unit of energy you put onto the grid. In other words, you may receive a credit worth half of a kilowatt-hour for exported solar production, meaning to cover your bill entirely, you'd have to export twice as much solar as you pull from the grid. And in some areas, like Hawai'i notably, utilities may not compensate you for any exported solar production. 

In those cases, to make the most of your investment in solar, it also makes sense to add a battery to ensure you're using as much of your solar production onsite instead of exporting it to the grid for little or no credit. 

Although uncommon for residential electricity users, demand charges are increasingly common for commercial and industrial electricity users and can account for half or more of your monthly electricity costs. 

Instead of charging you based on the total amount of electricity that you use (expressed in kilowatt-hours, or kWh), demand charges bill you based on your peak power usage (expressed in kilowatts, or kW) during a single fifteen-minute or hour-long period during the month. (Note: Your electricity usage, or consumption, is the amount of power you draw from the grid multiplied by the amount of time you're using electricity, meaning it's measured in kilowatt-hours - power x time.) 

Since a demand charge focuses only on your peak power consumption during a short period, if you use 100 kilowatts of power for fifteen minutes every morning when powering up your business, for instance, but use only 50 kW or less throughout the rest of the day, you'll be charged for the whole month based on that peak 100 kW value, as opposed to your average power demand. 

Energy storage can help reduce your demand charges by allowing you to pull from your battery instead of the grid at peak demand, reducing your peak demand for the month to help reduce the rate you're charged for your demand.

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