Where does your electricity come from?
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The electric grid brings power to every corner of the U.S., but the electricity flowing through the wires doesn’t come from the same sources everywhere. Depending on where you live, the electricity that makes its way to your property comes from different mixes of generating capacity, from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas to renewables like hydroelectric power, biomass, solar, and wind power.
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Key takeaways
Overall, the United States generates the most electricity with natural gas – 40.5 percent of all electricity produced, to be exact.
Renewable energy is very close to being the country's second-largest electricity producer at 18.2 percent of total generation.
Control where your electricity comes from by installing a rooftop solar system or signing up for community solar.
Some amount of electricity from the grid powers everything in our homes, from small devices to internet connections, lights, refrigerators, and even electric vehicles. Most people may not even think about the source of this energy after signing up for the utility provider that services their area. However, learning where your electricity comes from is not only easy, it is an important way to be responsible about making more environmentally friendly choices in your life. Here are a few ways to find where your energy comes from.
1. Contact your utility
Finding out how your electricity is generated can be as easy as researching your provider. Many utilities publish the mix of energy sources they draw from online, saving you the step of having to call. Sometimes it is not so straightforward, however, as many utilities don’t publish this information because they aren’t vertically integrated. While you may be able to find the mix of energy sources from a vertically integrated utility that generates their own power through things like nuclear power plants and wind turbines, you probably will not be able to find this information from providers who are only distributors, selling energy generated by separate companies.
2. Use energy industry and regulatory data
If you get your energy from a non-vertically integrated utility or you otherwise can’t find the mix of energy sources from your provider, there are still many resources at your disposal to find out where your electricity comes from. By using maps such as this one from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), you can find out if your energy comes from a regional transmission organization (RTO) or an independent system operator (ISO). If you live in an area served by either one of these types of entities, you can simply look up the name of the entity near you and follow the same process that you would if finding the energy mix from your utility. Using this information, you can determine if your electricity is generated near you or coming from long distances away.
3. Use local data from energy data aggregators
If you live in an area not served by either an RTO or an ISO and your utility can’t give you exact information on where your electricity comes from, there are also databases and renewable energy resources with highly specific local information.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) also has a comprehensive list of tools and resources that details where energy comes from by state and source.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a tool called the Power Profiler, which allows you to put in your zip code to see where energy comes from in your area.
The American Cities Climate Challenge Renewables Accelerator, a renewable energy program sponsored by Bloomberg, has their own tool where you can see state-level information about where electricity comes from.
The electrical grid is a complex network of electrical power generators (i.e., power plants), transmission lines, and distribution power lines that dynamically respond to shifts in electrical supply and demand to ensure electricity is always supplied reliably. From generators, electricity goes to substations, which convert high-voltage power to lower voltages using transformers. Those electrical generators can be any type – from non-renewable coal-fired power plants and natural gas plants to renewable clean energy power stations.
Keeping the grid functioning requires a delicate balance between supply and demand, as well as a highly integrated series of components throughout the country. Grid operators, such as the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) and the Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland Regional Transmission Operator (PJM RTO), maintain this balance through a mix of market awareness and insights plus forecasts of weather, demand, and supply, with a goal of providing low-cost and reliable high-voltage electricity service.
The total mix of electricity flowing through the power grid comes from thousands of individual generators, all connected and supplying electricity to the grid through distribution networks. These generators use all sorts of fuels – mainly, the U.S. electric grid carries electricity generated by coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear energy, and renewable energy. State by state, the exact percentages of each generating source differ:
How electricity is generated by state
STATE | Solar | Other Renewables | Coal | Natural Gas | Petroleum | Nuclear | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AK | 0.0% | 30.8% | 11.5% | 42.1% | 15.7% | 0.0% | -0.1% |
| AL | 0.5% | 12.1% | 15.8% | 40.2% | 0.0% | 31.7% | 0.0% |
| AR | 0.5% | 10.1% | 28.2% | 33.5% | 0.1% | 27.6% | 0.0% |
| AZ | 5.3% | 6.7% | 12.6% | 46.5% | 0.0% | 28.9% | 0.0% |
| CA | 15.7% | 26.9% | 0.2% | 47.7% | 0.0% | 8.4% | 1.2% |
| CO | 2.8% | 27.8% | 36.0% | 33.6% | -0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| CT | 0.5% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 57.1% | 0.1% | 38.2% | 1.4% |
| DC | 6.3% | 27.3% | 0.0% | 66.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| DE | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 92.6% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 2.8% |
| FL | 2.6% | 1.7% | 6.6% | 75.5% | 0.7% | 11.7% | 1.2% |
| GA | 3.1% | 8.4% | 11.6% | 49.3% | 0.2% | 27.3% | 0.1% |
| HI | 5.3% | 10.5% | 12.8% | 0.0% | 67.7% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
| IA | 0.0% | 59.4% | 23.7% | 11.8% | 0.2% | 4.9% | 0.0% |
| ID | 3.2% | 72.9% | 0.1% | 23.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| IL | 0.0% | 9.7% | 18.0% | 14.1% | 0.0% | 57.8% | 0.3% |
| IN | 0.4% | 7.8% | 53.0% | 35.6% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 3.0% |
| KS | 0.1% | 44.1% | 31.1% | 5.1% | 0.1% | 19.4% | 0.0% |
| KY | 0.1% | 8.4% | 68.7% | 22.6% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| LA | 0.0% | 3.3% | 3.9% | 70.2% | 3.4% | 16.8% | 2.3% |
| MA | 7.7% | 9.3% | 0.0% | 77.8% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 5.0% |
| MD | 1.5% | 7.2% | 9.3% | 39.1% | 0.2% | 41.9% | 0.9% |
| ME | 0.3% | 76.5% | 0.6% | 19.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 3.3% |
| MI | 0.1% | 9.1% | 26.2% | 34.2% | 0.9% | 28.4% | 1.0% |
| MN | 2.9% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 20.9% | 0.1% | 26.0% | 0.6% |
| MO | 0.1% | 7.3% | 71.3% | 10.4% | 0.1% | 10.7% | 0.0% |
| MS | 0.6% | 2.1% | 6.9% | 80.6% | 0.0% | 9.7% | 0.0% |
| MT | 0.1% | 59.3% | 36.4% | 1.2% | 2.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| NC | 6.7% | 8.8% | 16.7% | 33.3% | 0.1% | 34.0% | 0.4% |
| ND | 0.0% | 38.1% | 58.1% | 3.5% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| NE | 0.1% | 28.8% | 51.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 16.8% | 0.0% |
| NH | 0.0% | 16.0% | 0.8% | 22.3% | 0.3% | 60.3% | 0.3% |
| NJ | 2.1% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 50.1% | 0.1% | 43.8% | 1.3% |
| NM | 5.1% | 22.0% | 37.5% | 35.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| NV | 13.7% | 15.1% | 4.8% | 66.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| NY | 0.6% | 27.6% | 0.1% | 40.9% | 0.3% | 29.7% | 0.8% |
| OH | 0.1% | 2.8% | 37.2% | 43.3% | 1.0% | 15.1% | 0.6% |
| OK | 0.1% | 39.5% | 7.2% | 53.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| OR | 1.7% | 65.8% | 2.6% | 29.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| PA | 0.1% | 3.4% | 10.2% | 52.5% | 0.0% | 33.2% | 0.6% |
| RI | 2.2% | 4.8% | 0.0% | 93.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| SC | 1.7% | 5.3% | 12.6% | 24.6% | 0.1% | 55.6% | 0.0% |
| SD | 0.0% | 80.5% | 11.7% | 7.8% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| TN | 0.4% | 16.8% | 17.7% | 19.4% | 0.1% | 45.5% | 0.0% |
| TX | 1.8% | 20.0% | 16.6% | 52.1% | 0.0% | 8.8% | 0.6% |
| UT | 6.9% | 5.6% | 61.5% | 25.5% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.4% |
| VA | 1.3% | 4.2% | 3.7% | 60.8% | 0.2% | 29.2% | 0.5% |
| VT | 8.5% | 91.5% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | -0.1% |
| WA | 0.0% | 75.0% | 4.5% | 12.1% | 0.0% | 8.1% | 0.3% |
| WI | 0.2% | 9.3% | 38.7% | 35.8% | 0.2% | 15.9% | 0.0% |
| WV | 0.0% | 6.2% | 88.6% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| WY | 0.4% | 15.7% | 79.4% | 3.3% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 1.1% |
Interestingly, these percentages can fluctuate significantly! For example, Vermont gets none of its electricity from coal and more than 90 percent from renewables, while Utah is nearly the reverse – 61.5 percent from coal and only 12.3 percent from renewables. These differences stem from several factors, with policy playing a major role.
As shown above, electricity demand and generation vary significantly by state. Most states still get their largest chunk of electricity from natural gas, however, and that is reflected in the total U.S. electrical generation mix:
U.S. electricity generation by generating source
Source | Percentage Of Total Generation |
|---|---|
| Coal | 19.3% |
| Natural gas | 40.5% |
| Petroleum | 0.4% |
| Nuclear | 19.7% |
| Renewables | 18.2% |
| Other | 1.8% |
In that 18.2 percent of national energy generation that comes from renewable energy, hydroelectric power and wind energy lead the way with 7.1 percent and 8.4 percent of generation, respectively. Here’s how the mix of renewable energy sources in the U.S. plays out:
U.S. renewable electricity generation by generating source
Source | Percentage Of Total Generation |
|---|---|
| Hydropower | 7.1% |
| Wind | 8.4% |
| Solar | 2.2% |
| Geothermal | 0.4% |
One (still relatively small) part of the 2.2 percent of electric power on the U.S. grid coming from solar energy is community solar – large, central solar power plants whose electrical energy is shared by more than a single property. Community solar isn’t available in every state yet, but in the states with active projects, they offer an opportunity to save on your electric bills while supporting the addition of more solar to your local grid.
Interested in joining a community solar project? On the EnergySage Marketplace, you can compare solar farms in your area that are available for subscription. While community solar savings are generally lower than those you could see with a rooftop solar photovoltaic system, not everyone can install panels on their property. Community solar is a great way to save money on electricity, especially for people who don’t own the home they live in (like renters).
Whether you determine a rooftop solar panel system or a community solar subscription is right for you, both are effective ways to reduce your carbon dioxide & greenhouse gas emissions and save money on your electric bills with renewable energy. In the case of community solar, you’re not necessarily getting the electrons from solar right to your house, but you are contributing to a larger percentage of the grid coming from solar. Help minimize the effects of climate change today and get started with rooftop or community solar!
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