Ground-mounted solar panels: Five things you need to know

When homeowners think of adding a solar energy system, rooftop solar is probably the first to come to mind. But ground-mounted solar panels (like the ones you've seen at solar farms and solar carports) are just as effective. We cover the top five things you need to know about ground-mounted solar panels.

As the name suggests, ground-mounted solar panel systems are solar panels installed at the ground level. While rooftop solar arrays are the most common choice for homeowners, there are many reasons to consider a ground-mounted solar panel system. 

Ground-mounted solar panels are accessible and efficient.

Ground-mount solar panels cost more per watt than rooftop solar, but they are often more efficient. The characteristics of the roof restrict rooftop solar arrays. If your roof isn't at the right angle, doesn't face south, or has obstructions like chimneys or skylights, your solar array will be less productive. On the other hand, you can install ground-mounted solar panels wherever the conditions are best, making them a great choice if your roof isn't suitable for solar. 

Ground-mounted solar panels can meet high energy demands

Electrifying your home with heat pumps, electric vehicles, and other upgrades can shrink your carbon footprint and energy costs, but your electricity consumption will increase. If your home uses a lot of electricity, your roof might need to be bigger for a solar panel system that meets your energy needs. In contrast, you can size ground-mounted solar systems to match your electricity consumption without the space restrictions of a rooftop system. 

Check out our video to see if ground-mounted solar is right for you.

There are two basic types of ground-mounted solar panel systems:

Standard ground mounts use metal framing driven into the ground to hold your solar panels up at a fixed angle. Operators can manually adjust some standard ground-mounted solar panel systems a few times a year to account for seasonal shifts of the sun.

Pole-mounted solar systems support multiple solar panels on a single pole and elevate panels higher off the ground than a standard ground mount. Pole-mounted solar often incorporates solar tracking systems, which automatically tilt the solar panels to capture the optimal amount of sunshine.

Tracking systems can increase the production of your solar panels by 25% or more. If you add trackers to your ground-mounted solar array, you can choose either a single- or dual-axis system. Single-axis tracking systems move your solar panels to follow the sun as it moves through the sky. Dual-axis tracking systems can also adjust based on seasonal variations in the sun's position.

Standard ground-mounted versus pole-mounted solar power systems

Even if you are a good candidate for a rooftop solar energy system, there are many benefits to choosing a ground-mounted solar panel system:

Ground-mounted solar panel systems can be located on open land and don't require drilling into your roof. Additionally, ground-mounted solar panels can be set at the perfect angle to optimize energy production, whereas rooftop solar arrays are dependent on the pitch and tilt of your roof. Thus, ground-mount solar can generate more electricity (and save you more on your electric bill) than a similarly sized rooftop system.

Gound-mounted solar panels are also easily accessible for cleaning and maintenance. If you live in an area that receives a lot of snow in the winter, being able to sweep the snow off your solar panels quickly is a major convenience.

Though more expensive, standard ground-mounted solar costs are comparable to a rooftop solar energy system installation. Systems with trackers come with additional upfront costs, but the resulting increase in electricity production can make your installation more cost-effective.

You should meet some basic requirements to add a ground-mounted solar array to your property. Before starting the installation process, consider your available space, soil type and geology of your land, and financing options if you need them:

Space

One of the first factors to consider about ground-mounted solar panels is the physical space on your property. Unlike a rooftop solar system, a ground-mounted installation will need additional square feet on your property that get plenty of sunlight and space for trenching and running wires to whatever structure will use the solar electricity.

You'll also want to check your property line to ensure your ground-mounted solar panels won't infringe on your neighbors. Depending on where you live, your city or town will have unique setback requirements that dictate how close to a property border or road you can build a structure. You can contact the planning department of your local government for more information about setback laws.

In addition to space for the solar array, your solar company will need a clear area to bring in heavy equipment to install a new foundation and racking system.

Soil type and geologic factors

You must install ground-mounted solar arrays on sturdy ground for a solid foundation. Like not all roofs are suitable for rooftop solar, not all land is suitable for ground mounts. For example, large rocks in your soil or wet, unstable ground can make it difficult or impossible to install the proper foundation. To be sure your land can support ground-mounted solar, you should work with a soil or structural engineer to help survey your property.

Financing

Between the equipment cost and the intensive installation work, ground-mounted solar panels usually have a higher upfront cost than rooftop panels. Unfortunately, some providers only offer loan products for solar projects within a specific price range, and the higher cost of ground-mounted solar can price an installation out of that range. So, check with your installer about financing options before moving forward with your ground-mounted system.

It's also important to consider that certain aspects of a ground-mounted installation (such as trenching) may be ineligible for rebates or incentives. We recommend discussing with your installer or Energy Advisor and researching online to determine which local incentives may or may not apply to your new solar array.

If you're considering a ground-mounted solar system over a rooftop system, you should be aware of the benefits and drawbacks associated with these systems. Ultimately, your decision will depend on your needs and what parameters you and your solar provider have to work within.

Advantages of ground-mounted solar

One advantage of free-standing solar panels is their ability to maximize sunlight exposure. While your roof may not be ideally oriented, you can choose the orientation of your ground-mounted system to increase energy production. Ground-mounted systems also tend to operate more efficiently because they have more air circulation beneath the panels, allowing them to stay cool. Finally, if your system requires any maintenance, it will be much easier for your installer to access a ground-mounted system, typically reducing potential labor costs.

Disadvantages of ground-mounted solar

Ground-mounted solar systems aren't the best choice for everyone. Rooftop systems conveniently sit on your roof, whereas valuable land may be necessary for a ground-mounted system. Giving up land can be particularly challenging if you use that space for gardening, recreation, or farming (though, in some instances, you can effectively combine agriculture and ground-mounted systems through agrivoltatics!). Free-standing solar panels are also more prone to damage due to wildlife or people tampering with the equipment. Finally, as previously discussed, ground-mount solar systems are often more expensive due to the extra mounting equipment and foundation work required.

What does ground-mounted mean?

Ground-mounted solar panels are installed on the ground rather than on a rooftop surface. Whether it's a single large pole for multiple solar panels or a framework that sits on the ground, the system is considered ground-mounted.

Are ground-mounted solar panels cheaper?

Typically, no. Rooftop solar systems use an existing structure for mounting, eliminating the need to create mounts like pole structures or cement foundations. But it depends on the roof and if you need any renovations to accommodate solar panels. Ground-mounted solar panels are also at a higher risk for damage; meaning expenses may increase over time.

How much do ground-mounted solar panels cost?

The cost of free-standing solar panels varies. Private homeowners can expect to pay anywhere from tens of thousands of dollars (after the solar tax credit). Companies or communities hoping to establish a solar farm can expect to pay anywhere from $800,000 to over $1.3 million per megawatt: significantly more than the average cost of a residential installation.

Are ground-mounted solar panels safe?

Ground-mounted solar panels are generally safer to install. Maintaining them is also safer and easier because your installer won't have to climb onto your roof. The electric magnetic field (EMF) radiation emitted by solar panels is almost negligible, making solar arrays a safe and efficient way to power a home or building.

How far can ground-mounted solar panels be from your house?

Installing free-standing solar panels far from your home is perfectly fine. The only caveat is that the farther your home is from the structure, the more wiring you'll need, increasing your system's cost.

Are ground-mounted solar panels worth it?

Whether you install solar panels on the roof or ground, they can significantly affect power production. Ultimately, your electric bill savings will typically outweigh the cost of your solar panel system well before it needs to be replaced, making it a good investment.

Whether you're looking for a ground-mounted solar system or rooftop solar, you'll want to compare quotes from installers. On the EnergySage Marketplace, you'll receive up to seven quotes from vetted installers in your area, helping you to find a system that meets your needs at the right price. Register your property today and speak with our expert team of Energy Advisors who will help you go solar with confidence.